


■'j ^iydi. 



'he State of Maryland 

AND ITS ADVANTAGES FOR IMMIGRANTS. 
ESPECIALLY 

Farmers, MANUFACTURERS, 

AND 

Capitalists. 




PUBLISHED BY 

THE STATE BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION, 

1 1 E. LEXINGTON STREET. 
BALTIMORE, M/\RYLAND, U. S. A, 




Qass. 
Book 



BiX 



rA'z-'fet 



> 





DR. M. WHITEHILL 
PR€SIDENT 



DR. W. FRANK HINES 

SUPERINTENDCNT 





J. BOON DUKES 

COMMISSIONER 



A. F. TRAPPE 

SECRETARY 



BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS 
MARYLAND STATE BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION 



State of Maryland. 




Bureau of Immigration, 

BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, 
U. S. A. 

1909 



Hon. AUSTIN L. CROTHERS. Governor. 

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS. 

Dr. M. WHITEHILL, President. 

Dr. W. FRANK HINES, Superintendent. 

J. BOON DUKES. Commissioner. 

A. F. TRAPPE, Secretary, 

1 1 East Lexington Street, Baltimore, Md. 






The Sun Job Printing Office 
baltimore, md. 



D. OF D. 

JAN 28 \m 



PREFACE 

During many generations the struggle for existence has in- 
duced milHons of men in all parts of Europe, and among them 
many of the most energetic and enterprising of their nation- 
ality, to give up their calling and homes in the over-populated 
Old World and turn their thoughts to other and younger parts 
of the globe, as the surest and best means of bettering their 
fortunes, and providing a future for their children such as the 
old country has ceased to afford. 

Of all trans-oceanic countries. North America has always 
been, and still is, the land of predilection for the immigrant. 
The reasons for this are manifold and obvious. In the first 
place, the relatively short distance and, therefore, cheap trans- 
portation from Europe to America (considerably shorter than 
to any other country), is an important feature, especially for 
men with families. Then there is no other country that pos- 
sesses such a variety of soil, climate, products or population 
as that of the northern half of America. It can truthfully be 
said that every man who sets foot on the shores of this coun- 
try, no m^atter from what part of Europe he may come, Cccx, 
find here his native soil, the scenery with which he has been 
familiar since his youth, people who speak his language and 
among whom he will feel at home. 

Another great advantage which could not fail to attract 
immigrants is that this is at the same time a new country, 
where vast quantities of land of all kinds, of forests, of mines, 
etc., can be secured almost for the trouble of working them, 
and that it also has all the improvements of older civilized 



6 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

cerning the resources at the command of immigrants, about 
the choice of a location for a settlement, the branch of industry 
wherein he is most likely to succeed, or the route by which he 
can reach his destination in the quickest and cheapest manner, 
is invited to apply to the State Bureau of Immigration, which 
will supply him with reliable information from unquestionable 
sources. 

The Bureau is not connected with any steam navigation or 
railroad company or real estate syndicate; it is not interested 
in and does not receive any commission from the sale of land ; 
nor does it perform any services in a business line for immi- 
grants. Its only purpose is to furnish information, and this 
it does gratuitously. It will protect immigrants from imposi- 
tion by land agents, if such should be attempted. Its office is 
a public one, and its officials are State officers, ready to guide 
and help all intending settlers by furnishing them the names 
of persons or concerns to whom they may safely apply. 

All applications for information by letter, which will be 
cheerfully given, should be addressed to the State Bureau of 
Immigration, Baltimore, Maryland, U. S. A. 

W. FRANK HINES, 

Superintendent. 



MARYLAND 



There is no State in the country that has a greater variety 
in its natural surroundings. No other State in the Union has. 
in proportion to its area, a coast Hne so extensive as that of 
Maryland, and more persons are supported in Maryland by 
capturing and preparing the products of the water than in any 
other State. It is "the land of the forest and of the rock, of 
the broad blue bay and mighty river," and there are fortunes 
in the forests and rocks and in the broad blue bay and the 
mighty rivers, while its genial soil responds liberally to every 
demand that intelligent labor can make upon it. All of the 
products of the temperate zone, with some of the semi-tropical 
fruits, are brought forth in the greatest abundance in many 
sections of the State. Those who wander in summer in the 
mountains are refreshed by its lovely scenery of wood and field. 
Nothing can excel its charming landscapes, and everywhere 
the useful is blended with the beautiful — the forest with the 
crag and the quarry, the rugged mountainside with the fertile 
slope, the rushing waters with the green pastures. Here nestles 
a pretty village and there a thriving town ; here, a mill and 
there, a furnace or a factory. Down where the State is flanked 
by the Potomac on one side and the Delaware on the other, and 
where the beautiful Susquehanna makes its way into the Chesa- 
peake Bay, the scenery is a grand panorama of luxuriant farms 
and orchards, or winding streams and deeply shaded woods. 
From the mountains to the sea, the State has been blessed by 
nature with all that can please the eye and command the admi- 
ration of man. To these attractions let us add those which are 



8 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

afforded by the presence of a refined and hospitable population, 
living amidst all the conveniences which a progressive age has 
given it — quick transportation by rail and steamer, public and 
private schools without superior, churches of every denomina- 
tion, the two great markets, which Baltimore and Washington 
afford, to say nothing of the vicinity of the larger cities farther 
east or the smaller ones within and near the borders of the 
State. 

The prudent man in search of a home free from the ordinary 
vicissitudes of the settler in a new country; the farmer who 
seeks a better living nearer the great markets of the East; the 
capitalist who would establish industries where mines and 
forests, railroads and rivers, and abundant labor all combine to 
promote his purposes, might search the whole country from 
ocean to ocean and he would fail to find a more desirable loca- 
tion than Maryland offers. 

The horticultural interest of the State is every day increas- 
ing. The Horticultural Association of Maryland has a member- 
ship in almost every county in the State and numbers among its 
members many of the most prominent and influential citizens 
of the different sections of Maryland. Fruits of all varieties 
and of the best quality, as well as all kinds of vegetables, are 
grown in abundance. The number of small truck farms and 
fine orchards of apples, peaches, plums and small fruits is 
increasing every year. Southern Maryland, as well as the 
Eastern Shore, affords splendid opportunities to those who 
have a knowledge of trucking and general gardening. Flowers 
thrive in the open air and good markets are within easy access. 
Fruit growing is a very profitable occupation in Western Mary- 
land, where cheap lands can be purchased for that purpose. 




AUSTIN L. CROTHERS, 

Governor. 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 9 

Skilled mechanics and honest laborers anxious to work can, 
as a rule, always find employment in some of the many indus- 
trial enterprises in Baltimore, where house rent and living are 
cheaper than in most of the large cities of the Union. 

Information about business opportunities in the large cities 
of the State, as well as about cheap and desirable lands in 
Maryland, will be gladly furnished by the State Bureau of 
Immigration and every facility afforded to buy desirable homes 
w^ithout paying any commission, ^^''estern settlers will find it 
to their advantage to make inquiry about the homes which can 
be purchased in Maryland. 

Boundaries and Counties. 

The State of Maryland is bounded on the north by the State 
of Pennsylvania, on the east by the State of Delaware and the 
Atlantic ocean, on the south by the State of Virginia, on the 
west by the State of West Virginia, and has a surface of 12.210 
square miles, wnth about 1,400,000 inhabitants. 

The State is divided into 23 counties : Garrett, Allegany, 
Washington, Frederick, Carroll, Baltimore and Harford in 
the north and west; Howard, Montgomery, Anne Arundel. 
Prince George's, Calvert, Charles and St. Mary's constitute 
what is called the Western Shore; and Cecil, Kent, Queen 
Anne's, Talbot, Caroline, Dorchester, Wicomico, Somerset and 
Worcester form the Eastern Shore of the State. The city of 
Baltimore is entirely independent from the 23 counties. 

Topographical Features. 

The State of Maryland is divided into three regions, physi- 
cally, according to elevation : The Coastal Plain, which em- 
braces the Eastern Shore and the southern part of the Western 
Shore ; the Piedmont Plateau and the Appalachian Region. 



TO State of Maryland — Bureau of Iimnigration 

On the Western Shore the Coastal Plain includes the coun- 
ties of St. Mary's, Calvert, Charles, Prince George's, Anne 
Arundel, Baltimore City and parts of Baltimore and Harford 
Counties. 

Most of the Eastern Shore is less than 26 feet above sea 
level; the Coastal Plain on the Western Shore is higher. In 
lower St. Mary's County it frequently reaches an elevation of 
100 feet not far from bay shore, which is gradually increased 
until it reaches 180 feet near the border of Charles. In the 
southern part of Calvert County is found an elevation of about 
140 feet, which rises to 180 near the southern border of Anne 
Arundel County. In Charles. Prince George's and Anne 
Arundel Counties the land gradually increases in height near 
Washington City, which height continues northeastwardly 
toward Baltimore City. The navigable and most important 
rivers are the Potomac, Patuxent, Patapsco, Gunpowder, Sus- 
quehanna, Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke, 
Wicomico and Pocomoke. 

The Piedmont Plateau borders the Coastal Plain on the west, 
and extends to the base of the Catoctin Mountains. It includes 
about 2,500 square miles, one-fourth of the area of the State. 
It is nearly 40 miles in width in the southern portion of the 
region, and broadens toward the north to 65 miles. It includes 
Montgomery, Howard, Carroll and Frederick Counties and the 
greater part of Baltimore and Harford Counties. Its elevation 
varies from about 250 to 1,250 feet. The principal valley is 
that in which Frederick City is located, which is drained by 
the Monocacy river and its tributaries, flowing into the Poto- 
mac on the west, and by the headwaters of the Patuxent, 
Patapsco and Gunpowder rivers on the east. 

The Appalachian Region forms the western portion of 
Maryland, and comprises about 2,000 square miles, or one-fifth 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration ii 

of the area of the State. It conskts of a series of parallel 
mountain ranges with deep valleys, which are cut nearly at 
right angles by the Potomac River; many of the ranges being 
from 2,000 to 3,000 feet above sea level. 

In the Appalachian Region the winters are, of course, more 
severe than on the Eastern Shore or in Southern Maryland, 
but the summers are most delightful ; hence many popular 
summer resorts are to be found there which are largely 
patronized by people from Baltimore, Washington, Pittsburg 
and elsewhere. Among these may be mentioned Deer Park, 
Oakland, Mountain Lake Park, Blue Mountain House, Buena 
Vista and Blue Ridge Summit. In all the remainder of the 
State the weather is cool in summer and mild in winter. The 
climate is invigorating and patients resort to all parts of the 
State, by the advice of physicians, for the improvement of 
their health. The Eastern Shore is recommended for persons 
suffering from pulmonary consumption and other diseases of 
the lungs, asthma, heart disease and rheumatism. Ocean City 
is one of the finest bathing resorts on the shore of the Atlantic 
Ocean. 

The streams of the Western Shore have nine elevated sources 
and flow with greater power than those of the Eastern Shore. 
The Potomac River affords fine water power. It falls 230 
feet from the Point of Rocks to Georgetown, a distance of 47 
miles. At Great Falls, 14 miles above Georgetown, it descends 
from 80 to 90 feet in a distance of i^ miles, and the available 
power is estimated at 20,700 horse-power. 

The Patapsco River is the most important stream for manu- 
facturing purposes in the State, and offers many sites for 
factories, but so far only about 3,000 horse-power is utilized. 
Upon the Big and Little Gunpowder considerable power has 



12 State of Maryland — Bureau of hiuiiigration 

been utilized, as is also thacase with the Principio, North East 
and Elk rivers in the upper part of the Eastern Shore. 

The Climate. 

The State of Maryland glories in an exceptionally fine, 
healthful climate, its mildness being due chiefly to the vicinity 
of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream. The winter lasts 
only two months, January and February. Spring is short and 
pleasant and is followed by a long summer with warm days 
and cool nights. The heat is moderated by the constant breeze 
from the Atlantic. 

A magnificent autumn, known as "Indian Summer," follows 
the vSummer, and the farmer can work in the open air nearly 
all the year, giving to all parts of his work the necessary care 
and attention. Here he has not, as in the Northwest, to sit 
behind the hot stove during seven months of the year, spending 
what he has been able to save during the short summer. 

The Western or prairie States are frequently visited by ter- 
rible cyclones or tornadoes, carrying destruction and devasta- 
tion in their wake. As almost the whole State of ]\Iaryland 
is protected by the Allegheny Mountains, which cross the 
western part, such wind-storms are unknown here. The 
Chesapeake Bay and the large rivers, by affording a ready 
outlet to the sea. prevent the possibility of floods. The success 
of fruit-raising and trucking for the markets of Baltimore, 
Philadelphia, Washington, New York, Boston and Pittsburg is 
largely dependent upon the temperature of the nights in early 
spring. By the vicinity of the ocean and the great quantity of 
salt water in the Chesapeake Bay. Mar\dand is protected against 
the deadly frosts which destroy the farmer's products in other 
places. 



State of Maryland— Bureau of Immigration 13 

The average annual temperature is, in the eastern part of the 
State 58° F. ; in the southern, 56° F. ; in the north-central, 52° 
F. ; and in the west, from 50° to 53° F. 

According to the statements of many settlers who have come 
here from the Northwestern States during the past few years, 
the heat of the short summers is almost unendurable in Kansas, 
Nebraska, Iowa and Minnesota, the thermometer often rising 
to 125° F. in the shade. 

Many people fear that, since Maryland lies farther south, 
it must be hotter here ; but this is not the case. Here 90° F. 
in the shade is considered very hot, while the thermometer very 
seldom rises to 100°. 

The following is an extract from the official report of the 
Weather Bureau, giving the highest temperature during the 
last years at the various places named. It must be remembered, 
however, that these are. as before stated, exceptional cases. 



Towns. 

Annapolis 

Baltimore 

Cumberland .■•..., 

Easton • 

Frederick • ■ . 

Laurel 

Pocomoke City 

Solomons 

Van Bibber 

Westminster 



61 1 63 
73178 
70 1 66 
65164 
64 1 63 
64I61 
69 1 70 
66 1 67 
63I62 
60I62 



S l<! 



68I87 
82194 
84 1 94 
82 1 93 
75 1 92 
80 94 
,81 193 
82I88 
72 1 91 
|82|94 



94 
96 
98 
93 
95 
94 
96 
100 
96 
99 



951 97 
98 1 104 
101I103 
96I101 
99 1 104 
991104 
99I101 
99 1 99 
95 1 95 
99 1 103 



98I85I69I64 
ioi|9o|78|73 
97|87J86|68 
93187177166 
96|86|75|66 
100I90J 77 66 
96|9ii8i|74 
98I89I7765 
96I 95I87I71 68 
1 02 1 98 1 90 1 74 1 66 



94 
98 

lOI 

98 

99 
98 
100 



H 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 



The following- table shows the average rainfall in the differ- 
ent parts of Maryland : 



J. > 



Annapolis J3.2J3.6I4.3I3.9I4.7I4.0I4.8I4. 6 

Baltimore I3.0I3.5I4.0I3.3I4.0I3.7I4.7I4.1 

Western District I2.4I2.8I2.8I2.2I3.6I3.2I3.6I3.7 

Northern " I3.2I3.4I3.9I3.2I4.0I4.0I4.2I4.2 

Southern part of West- I I I I I 

ern Shore (2. 4I3. 7(3. 6|3.6|4.i|2. 714.513.9 

Eastern Shore 12.813.413.713.514.4(2.9(4.814.1 



4-7 

i.8 
3-7 



3-8|4.3l 
3-i|3-3l 
2.7I2.6I 
3.3l3-5| 
I I 
3.6(2.91 
3-5l3-2| 



3. 4(48. 
3-2|43. 
2.8(34. 
3-o(43. 



2.6 
2.5 



The Cities and Towns of Maryland. 

The most important cities of Maryland, exclusive of Balti- 
more, are grouped somewhat loosely together in that narrow 
strip of territory which forms the western point of the State. 
This strip has as its eastern boundary an imaginary line drawn 
from Harper's Ferry northward to Pen-Mar, and takes in 
Washington, Allegany and Garrett Counties; terminates at 
the extreme western boundary of the State. Of the three 
counties included in this territory Garrett contributes nothing 
to the list of prominent towns, but both of the other counties 
support cities which have long been influential factors in the 
commercial life of the State, and which are rapidly growing 
in importance. Hagerstown, the third city in the State in 
population and manufactures, stands at the gateway of this 
western strip of territory. The county seat of Washington 
County, the home of several important educational institutions, 
and the point where several railroads cross, Hagerstown has 
developed rapidly. It is eighty-six miles from Baltimore and 
twenty-two miles from Frederick City, and is reached by the 
Baltimore and Ohio, Cumberland Valley, Western Maryland, 
and the Norfolk and Western Railroads. 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 15 

The population of Hagerstown has increased with remarka- 
ble rapidity; from 10,118 people in 1890 and 13,591 in 1900, 
it advanced to about 16,022 persons in 1906. The progress 
of the town has been due in a large measure to its manufac- 
tures, although it owes much to the fact that it is the trade 
centre of a very rich section of the State. The 203 manufac- 
turing establishments located there give employment to nearly 
two thousand wage-earners, whose toil results in the produc- 
tion of two and a half million dollars worth of manufactured 
articles annually. The chief manufactures are the products of 
machine shops and factories engaged in making vehicle equip- 
ments. The city supports three daily newspapers. Williams- 
port, another Washington County town, is seven miles south- 
west of Hagerstown, which latter city it serves both as a ship- 
ping point and a feeding centre. Williamsport is on the 
Potomac River and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. It is 
reached by the Western Maryland and the Cumberland Rail- 
roads. While engaged to a limited extent in manufactures, its 
chief importance is derived from its position as a trade centre. 
Its population in 1906 was 1,608. 

Cumberland is the largest of Maryland's secondary cities 
and its position of importance is made doubly secure by the 
support it obtains from a chain of important commercial 
centres, of which it forms the head. The healthy growth of 
Cumberland has been the outcome of the development of 
Maryland's rich coal lands, the city forming the natural ship- 
ping point eastward for the many miles of Allegany County. 
Ever since the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was carried to this 
city, and the artificial waterway began performing the service 
for which it had been designed in floating bituminous coal to 
the big manufacturing cities on the Atlantic seaboard, the im- 



1 6 State of Maryland — Bureau of hnuiigration 

portance of Cumberland has been steadily increasing-. Today, 
with nearly 20,000 inhabitants, with about three million dollars 
invested in manufacturing plants and with large capital inter- 
ested in the coal output of the State, the city is destined to 
grow constantly in importance. Situated on the Potomac 
River, and forming the western terminus of the Chesapeake 
and Ohio Canal, Cumberland is reached by the Pennsylvania, 
the Baltimore and Ohio, the Western ]\Iaryland and other rail- 
roads. In addition to its coal shipping industry, the city is 
extensively engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel, glass, 
brick and other like products. 

Beginning at Cumberland and extending southward some- 
what parallel with the boundary line between Allegany and 
Garrett Counties is a string of important mining towns; and 
these are large contributors not only to the commercial pros- 
perity of Cumberland, but to that of the entire State. This 
chain of towns includes Frostburg, Lonaconing and Western- 
port, all of which are in Allegany County. Frostburg, seven 
miles west of Cumberland, is on the Cumberland and Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad. With a population of somewhat less than 
5,000 people, its greatest energy is devoted to the mining of 
soft coal, although it contains several foundries and brick 
factories. Lonaconing, with a population of between 2,000 
and 3,000 people, is rapidly advancing as a mining centre. 
The town is twenty-three miles southwest of Cumberland, and 
is reached by the George's Creek branch of the Western Mary- 
land and by the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroads. 
W^sternport, which forms the extreme end of the chain, is on 
the Potomac River, opposite to Piedmont. It is reached by 
the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad, and has a popula- 
tion of about 2,500 people. Fifty-four miles from Cumberland 




PARENTIAL RESIDENCE OF J. BOON DUKES, 
Commissioner of Immigration of Caroline Co., Md. 




ALFALFA FIELD, WICOMICO COUNTY 




COW PEA FIELD IN WICOMICO COUNTY 




TRAINING STABLES IN WICOMICO COUNTY 




CORNFIELD IN WORCESTER COUNTY 



i' 




LUMBER FARM IN CHARLES COUNTY 




COUNTRY HOME IN CHARLES COUNTY 




A HOME IN ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY 




COUNTRY RESIDENCE IN BALTIMORE COUNTY 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration \J 

is Oakland, the county seat of Garrett County. This town has 
a population of about 1,250, is reached by the Baltimore and 
Ohio Railroad, and has gained fame as a summer resort. It is 
situated 2,700 feet above the sea level. Its chief industry is 
the manufacture of flour and the production of leather. 

Traveling eastward from Hagerstown toward the Chesa- 
peake Bay, and traversing portions of Washington, Frederick, 
Carroll, Baltimore and Harford Counties — all on the northern 
boundary line of Maryland — one encounters some of the richest 
farming districts of the commonwealth. This stretch of land 
supports a number of prosperous towns, some of which devote 
entire attention to the handling of the products of nearby 
farms, while others have made considerable progress as manu- 
facturing and trading centres. The most important city in 
the territory between Hagerstown and Baltimore is Frederick 
City, the county seat of Frederick County, which occupies a 
commanding position in the heart of a great agricultural dis- 
trict. It is sixty-one miles west of Baltimore, and is reached 
by the Baltimore and Ohio and the York-Frederick branch of 
the Northern Central Railroads. With a population of slightly 
more than 10,000 persons, the city gives employment in its 133 
manufacturing establishments to 1,131 wage-earners. The 
manufacturing concerns consist of tanneries, foundries, sash 
factories, brick works, knitting mills, creameries and brush fac- 
tories. In manufactures the city ranks fourth in Maryland, 
and in point of population it holds the same position. Frederick 
City is the home seat of Frederick College (founded in 1797), 
of the Woman's College and of the State Deaf and Dumb 
Asylum. 

Fifteen miles southwest of Frederick is Brunswick, a town 
of 2,500 inhabitants, which supports several manufacturing 



i8 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

establishments and a repair shop of the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad. 

Westminster, the seat of g-overnment for Carroll County, 
is a manufacturing and educational centre, twenty-eight miles 
northwest of Baltimore, on the Western Maryland Railroad. 
Its flour mills and factories, engaged chiefly in the manufacture 
of carriages and cigars, have advanced it to the sixth place 
among the manufacturing cities of the State. Western Mary- 
land College, which is under control of the Methodist Protestant 
Church, has attracted to the Carroll County town a large body 
of educators and students, who have raised a standard of in- 
tellectuality there not commonly encountered in the smaller 
urban centres. Then, too, the position which Westminster 
naturally holds as the gathering town for products of sur- 
rounding districts and the distributing point for manufactured 
articles required by the Carroll countians has given it promi- 
nence as a trading point. The town has a population of about 
3,500 people. 

Towson, the governmental seat of Baltimore County, is 
six miles north of Baltimore — and Ellicott City, the county 
seat of Howard County, is six miles west of the Monumental 
City, with both of which it is connected by steam and 
electric railway. Towson has a population of 2,700 inhab- 
itants. It contains the Baltimore County courthouse, an attract- 
ive building of Colonial architecture, and numerous attractive 
residential properties. E'llicott City is a quaint, old-fashioned 
town of 1,331 inhabitants. It is built upon a steep incline 
overlooking the Patapsco River; and engages in manufacturing 
to some little extent, the chief industries being flour and cotton 
mills, and stone quarries. Sparrows Point about nine miles 
southeast of Baltimore, is known throughout the commercial 



State of Maryland— Bureau of Immigration 19 

world because of the Maryland Steel Company's works, which 
are nearby. The population of the place is made up almost 
entirely of laborers in the iron works and their families. 
Sparrows Point is an ideal manufacturing town, great thought 
having been given by the management of the works to the 
comfort and health of their people. A steam and an electric 
railway connect the place with Baltimore. 

Belair, the county seat of Harford County, is on the Mary- 
land and Pennsylvania Railroad, twenty-four miles northeast 
of Baltimore. The town has a i>opulation of about i,ooO and 
is the trade centre for the fertile surrounding country. This 
section of the State is given up largely to the cultivation of 
vegetables and fruits, and Belair is the centre of Harford 
County's canning industry. Rockville. the county seat of Mont- 
gomery County, is sixteen miles north of Washington. It has 
a population of 1,110 and is reached by an electric and 
steam railroad. Hyattsville, with 1,222 inhabitants, is in 
Prince George County. It is six miles northeast of Wash- 
ington, with which city it is connected by an electric and steam 
railroad. Laurel, also in Prince George County, is between 
Washington and Baltimore on the same lines. It has a popu- 
lation of slightly over 2,000 people, and is noted principally 
for its iron works, which draw upon the surrounding iron 
ore deposits for raw material. Upper Marlboro, the county 
seat of Prince George County, has about 500 inhabitants. It 
is a grain, tobacco and fruit growing section, has several can- 
neries engaged in packing vegetables and fruits, and is con- 
nected by two steam roads with Washington and Baltimore. 

Annapolis, the State capital, and one of the oldest and most 
interesting cities in Maryland, is twenty-six miles south of 
Baltimore. It is on the Severn River, two miles from the 



20 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

Chesapeake Bay, and in the heart of the rich fruit and vegeta- 
ble section of Anne Arundel County. It is reached by steamer 
from Baltimore, and also by two lines of railways — the Balti- 
more and Annapolis Short Line and the Annapolis, Washing- 
ton and Baltimore. Annapolis was made the capital of the 
State more than two hundred years ago, or in 1694. During 
the greater part of Maryland's Colonial career it was the centre 
of both the social and the commercial life of the State. In pre- 
Revolutionary days it was the scene of the greatest social 
functions of the Province, and during the American Revolution 
the city played an important part in the nation's affairs. The 
Continental Congress held its session here for a period, and 
in the State House Washington resigned his commission as 
Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. The State 
House is the finest example of a Colonial building now extant. 

The United States Naval Academy is located at Annapolis. 
The grounds of this ins'titution have recently been much 
improved and new buildings of architectural merit have been 
erected. In addition to the Naval Academy, the State House 
and the Governor's Mansion, Annapolis contains St. John's 
College, founded in 1789; the new Court of Appeals Building, 
a modern and beautiful postoffice and some of the most attract- 
ive and famous Colonial mansions to be found in America. 
The city has a population of about 9.179 person^-. Its manu- 
facturing establishments do considerable business, giving 
employment to 244 wage-earners. The chief industries are 
oyster packing and the manufacture of glass and ice. 

There are a number of progressive towns on the Chesapeake 
Bay and its navigable tributaries upon the Eastern Shore of 
Maryland. In the strip of land on the Western Shore which 
extends southward between the Chesapeake Bay and the Pen 



State of Maryland— Bureau of Immigration 



21 



tomac River, the towns owe their chief claim to prominence 
to the fact that they are county seats. La Plata, the govern- 
mental seat of Charles County, is on the Philadelphia, Balti- 
more and Washing-ton Railroad. Prince Fredericktown, fifty- 
five miles south of Baltimore, is the county seat of Calvert 
County. The town is five miles from the Chesapeake Bay, its 
steamboat landing being Dare's Wharf. 

Leonardtown, the county seat of St. Mary's County, has 
a population of about 500. It is on Breton's Bay, near the 
Potomac River, and fifty-five miles south of Annapolis. It 
has steamboat connections with Baltimore and Washington, 
but is not upon a railroad line. 

The Eastern Shore, however, is dotted with prosperous 
towns and villages along the entire water line. These towns 
owe their growth to the fact that they are naturally the receiv- 
ing points for nearly all the manufactured articles imported into 
their respective counties; that they are the shipping points for 
the products of inland farming districts; and that they are 
naturally the trade centres for large stretches of fertile interior 
country, where towns are not abundant, and such as do exist 
are fairly prosperous. Furthermore, these seaport towns are 
advantageously located for engaging in canning the products 
of surrounding farmlands, and they are thus given an incentive 
to engage in manufacturing as well as a trading business. 

In the lower end of the Eastern Shore, where the peninsula 
is divided from east to west by the boundary line between 
Maryland and Virginia, there are three towns which do con- 
siderable business. Crisfield, the most Important of these. Is 
in Somerset County, and is directly on the Chesapeake Bay. 
It has a population of 4,285, and is reached by steamers from 
Baltimore and by rail over the New York, Philadelphia and 



22 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

Norfolk line. The packing of oysters is its chief industry. 
Pocomoke City and Snow Hill, both on the Pocomoke River, 
are in Worcester County. The latter is the county seat and 
has a population of 1,675. ^^ ^^^ communication with Balti- 
more by steamers and is reached by the Eastern Shore division 
of the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad. The 
town has saw, planing and flour mills, canning factories and a 
general trade in lumber, fruit and the products of truck farms. 
Pocomoke City, fifteen miles from the mouth of the Pocomoke, 
has a population of 2.304 inhabitants. Its industries are 
very much the same as those of Snow Hill. Berlin, another 
Worcester County town, is inland, and is on the line of the 
Baltimore, Chesapeake and Atlantic ; and the Philadelphia, Bal- 
timore and Washington Railroads. It has a population of 
1,436 people, and supports canning factories, veneer works and 
other manufacturing establishments, also fine nurseries. In 
the northern part of Somerset is its county seat, Princess Anne, 
a town of not cjuite 1,000 people, upon the banks of the Mano- 
kin River. 

In Wicomico County, which is north of Somerset and Wor- 
cester, are Salisbury, the county seat, and Sharptown. Salis- 
bury is a thriving port of more than 5,000 people. It is on 
the Wicomico River 103 miles south of Wilmington, Dela- 
ware, with which city it is connected by the New York, 
Philadelphia and Washington Railroad ; it is also reached by 
the Baltimore, Chesapeake and Atlantic Railroad. The town 
conducts a large shipping trade in grain, fruit and lumber, 
and has several manufacturing establishments engaged in the 
production of textiles and flour. Sharptown is twelve miles 
northwest of Salisbury, but it is not on any railroad line. It 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 23 

has a population of about 1,000 people, and uses Seaford, 
Delaware, as its railroad station. 

The next important tributary of the Chesapeake, traveling 
northward, is the Choptank River, which has Cambridge near 
its mouth, and at its head Denton. Cambridge is the govern- 
mental seat of Dorchester County. It has a population of 
nearly 7,000 people, who support a daily paper and engage 
extensively in manufacturing food stuffs. The town is con- 
nected with Baltimore by steamers and is also reached by 
the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad. Fish, 
oysters and lumber are exported on a large scale, while the 
canning establishments consume a great quantity of the fruit 
and vegetables grown in the surrounding territory. Denton, 
the county seat of Caroline County, has a population of not 
quite 1,000 people. It is engaged in manufacturing to a 
limited degree, though chiefly for local consumption. The 
town is connected with Baltimore by steamers and the Mary- 
land, Virginia and Delaware Railway. 

/Talbot County has two important seaports : Easton, the 
county seat, which has a population of 4,019, and St. Michaels, 
with 1,043 inhabitants. Easton is about fifty miles south- 
southeast of Baltimore, and is reached either by bay steamers 
or the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington and the Balti- 
more, Chesapeake and Atlantic Railroads. The town contains 
mills, canning establishments, furniture and shirt factories, 
and is the trading centre for the surrounding grain and fruit 
growing district. 

Queen Anne's, the next county, has as its northern boundary 
the Chester River, and on the Southern bank of this body of 
water are two important Queen Anne's towns — Centreville, the 
county seat, and Queenstown — also the two thriving towns of 



24 State of Maryland — Bureau of Imuiigration 

Church Hill and Sudlersville, while on the northern bank is 
Chestertown, of Kent County. Centreville is thirty-six miles 
southeast of Baltimore, with which city it is connected by bay 
steamers ; and it is also reached by the Philadelphia, Baltimore 
and Washington and the Queen Anne's Railroads. The 
population is 1,500. A number of manufacturing establish- 
ments are located in the town, Oueenstown is engaged in 
shipping and packing fruits and oysters. It is on the Queen 
Anne's Railroad and is reached from Baltimore by steamers. 
Chestertown is at the head of navigation of the Chester River. 
It has a line of steamers connecting it with Baltimore, and is 
also reached by the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington 
Railroad. Chestertown is the county seat of Kent, and has a 
population of 3,271 people. It is the seat of Washington 
College, established in 1782, and supports numerous manufac- 
turing establishments, consisting chiefly of canning establish- 
ments and paper mills. 

At the head of the Chesapeake, either directly on the Bay 
or on one of its tributaries, are four towns of some importance, 
all connecting with Baltimore by steamer. Three of these, 
Chesapeake City, Elkton and Port Deposit, are in Cecil County 
Chesapeake City, a town of 1.183 inhabitants, is at the Mary- 
land entrance to the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Elkton, 
the county seat, is at the head of navigation on the Elk River. 
It has a population of 2,698 persons and is reached by the 
Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad. The city 
has a number of manufacturing establishments, including iron 
foundries, ship yards, flour mills, machine shops, pulp mills, 
and fertilizer factories. Port Deposit is on the Susquehanna 
River, five miles from its mouth, and forty-one miles northeast 
of Baltimore. It engages extensivelv in the transhipping of 




HON. JOSHUA W. HERING, 
Comptroller of Treasury. 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 25 

lumber and is the shipping point for valuable granite taken 
from nearby quarries. It is the seat of the Jacob Tome In- 
stitute, one of the leading schools of its kind in the country. 
Havre de Grace, in Harford County, on the Western Shore, is 
at the mouth of the Susquehanna. It is the fifth manufac- 
turing city of the State and gives employment to 674 wage- 
earners. Its principal industries are canneries, flour and lum- 
ber mills, sash factories, textile works, and trading in lumber 
and fish. Its population is about 3,600 people. 

These thirty-two cities and towns have an aggregate popu- 
lation of 124,084 people. The greater number of towns in 
Maryland, however, have a population ranging from 1,000 to 
2,500 people. The five larger secondary cities, including 
Cumberland, Hagerstown, Frederick, Annapolis and Cam- 
bridge — ranging in the order of their size — have an aggregate 
population of 61,601 people, while the twelve largest urban 
centres — (excluding Baltimore) Salisbury, Frostburg, Cris- 
field, Easton, Havre de Grace, Westminster and Chestertown, 
show a total population of 90,238 people. These twelve cities 
and towns are the principal commercial centres of the State 
outside of Baltimore, and both in the amount of their com- 
merce and manufactures, in the extent of their population, and 
in the character of their government, they compare favorably 
with urban centres of like size in other States of the Union. 

Agricultural Productions. 

Maryland offers unusual advantages to those who wish to 
devote themselves to agriculture. Good farmers are in great 
demand. Land is cheap and can be purchased in tracts of 
any size from an acre upwards. Every year the farming of 
the State is becoming more and more varied, and dairying. 



26 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

stock raising, poultry breeding, sheep raising, packing and 
other industries are being profitably combined with agriculture. 
The removal of a large part of the negro population from the 
country to the cities results in the partition of the large estate 
into smaller farms, thus affording an opportunity for immi- 
grants and other settlers who are seeking cheap land and con- 
genial surroundings. 

The Maryland soils are famous. "There are none better in 
the world," say the scientists. The State has a remarkably 
good sec[uence of all the geological formations. 

There are marl beds of extensive formation in all parts of 
Maryland. This furnishes a cheap and effective fertilizer and 
is adapted to nearly all crops. 

Grass, wheat, oats, corn, rye, tol:)acco, truck and fruit are 
produced with more or less adaptability and with success in 
all parts of the State. The same is true of live stock and 
horses ; cattle, sheep, etc., are successfully reared. These 
branches of industry constitute an important source of profit 
for farmers, since the numerous large cities of the East con- 
sume far more meat and other articles of food than can he 
produced in their immediate vicinity. Consequently these 
products bring high prices. Frederick is most famous of all 
the counties for its wheat and corn. Garrett and Allegany 
Counties are the principal coal-producing regions. 

The canning of fruits and vegetables has grown to be one 
of the most important, as well as one of the most profitable 
of our industries. The principal articles canned are peaches, 
peas and tomatoes, although a great variety of other fruits 
and vegetables are also canned. This industry has undoubt- 
edly had a tendency to raise and keep up the prices of these 
crops. All such products bring better prices now in our mar- 



State of Maryland— Bureau of Immigration 27 

kets than they did before canning was resorted to, and today 
Maryland's canning interest is larger than that of any other 
State in the country, the Maryland tin can being known wher- 
ever civilization reaches. 

Tobacco is extensively produced only in Southern Maryland, 
although it may be raised in any section of the State. 

The Eastern Shore. 

The Eastern Shore is uniformly level, with good roads. The 
proximity of the ocean and the bay greatly modifies the tem- 
perature. Creeks and larger streams are so numerous that in 
some parts of this section there is a water approach to a ma- 
jority of the farms. In Worcester County fairly good lands 
can be purchased for from $10 to $25 per acre; and there is an 
abundance of it for sale, as not more than one-fourth of the 
land is worked by the owners. 

The soil is red, derived from the disintegration of gabbro 
and mica lands, derived from gneiss. It is good soil for general 
agriculture and is adapted to wheat, grass, corn, grazing and 
stock feeding, and to vegetables for canning and early market- 
ing. The average yield of wheat is from 20 to 30 bushels. 
Corn and tomatoes are largely cultivated for canning. Grain 
and the cereals are the staples. 

Kent, Queen Anne's and Talbot Counties have fertile wheat 
and corn lands. They have a stiff yellow clay and subsoil, 
with about the same texture as that of the gabbro and gneiss 
lands. The land is level, but has a good under drainage. The 
fields are large, level and easy to cultivate. Wheal and corn 
are the staples. 

Caroline County is traversed by three railroads and has the 
additional advantage of daily steamboat communication with 



28 State of Maryland — Bureau of Imniigration 

Baltimore. The lands of this county are generally level, with 
a greater variety of soil composition than is found elsewhere 
on the peninsula — grading from light and sandy to the finest 
quality of wheat and grass lands; forty-one bushels of wheat 
per acre have been produced in the famous Tuckahoe district, 
and ninety-six bushels of excellent corn per acre elsewhere on 
the lighter soils of the county. Nowhere is there land more 
responsive to intelligent and generous treatment than is that 
of this county. The fruit and vegetable packing industr\' has 
assumed larger proportions in this county than in any other 
of the State. There are operated now at different points no 
less than thirty of these establishments, creating a great de- 
mand for labor of both sexes, and aft'ording a home market 
for vast quantities of tomatoes, peas, beans, peaches, pears and 
small fruits cultivated by the farmers here. 

To this county, immediately after the close of the Civil War, 
a flow of immigration set in from the North, Middle West 
and East, which established a well-defined epoch in its indus- 
trial progress. Capital and energy accompanied these immi- 
grants; they bought farms and set a pace of improvement 
that served as both a contagion and inspiration — agriculturally 
— to the other citizens. The town of Ridgely, at that time 
consisting of one store, a dwelling and a station on the Dela- 
ware and Chesapeake railway, became the centre for northern 
settlement, with the result that today Ridgely is a flourishing 
town, pulsating from one end of the year to the other with the 
quickening spirit of business activity and enterprise, and is 
the largest fruit and vegetable shipping station on the Eastern 
Shore. At the present time many of the finest farms in all 
parts of this county are owned and cultivated by Northern and 
Western born people. There are, too. quite a number of Ger- 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 29 

man immigrants that have settled here and. almost without 
exception, they are prospering and becoming well-to-do citi- 
zens. Denton, the county seat, is a pretty town situated at 
the terminus of steamboat navigation on the Choptank River 
and on the Queen Anne's Railroad, within three hours of Bal- 
timore City. The spirit of improvement is greatly in evidence 
throughout the town, which is building up at a rate that far 
surpasses anything in its history. The price of land ranges 
from $10 to $45 per acre. The same must be said of Preston, 
with a fine German church and strong congregation. 

Wicomico and Worcester are more sandy, higher and lighter 
as a rule than Dorchester and Somerset. They are admirably 
adapted, as are all of the Eastern Shore counties, to the growth 
of small fruits and early vegetables. 

General farming and stock raising are carried on in all parts 
of the peninsula, which is famous for its horses, cattle, sheep, 
hogs and poultry. The peach crop is a specialty of the Eastern 
Shore, averaging from 2.000,000 to 3,000,000 baskets. 

On the Eastern Shore there are many thousand acres of land 
devoted to the raising of garden truck, such as peas, asparagus, 
watermelons, spinach, sweet and Irish potatoes, string beans, 
kale, tomatoes, cucumbers, celery, beets, etc. 

In this section the strawberry crop has of late years become 
of permanent interest and importance. Over one hundred car- 
loads of strawberries are shipped daily during the season from 
the Eastern Shore counties to the Baltimore, Philadelphia, New 
York and Boston markets. The value of this crop alone now 
exceeds the combined value of all the products of the peninsula, 
including pine wood, thirty years ago. The cultivation of this 
berry has become very profitable, ranging from $50 to $300 
per acre. 



30 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

The Eastern Shore has a great trunk railway, with connec- 
tions along its entire length, called the Delaware Division of 
the Pennsylvania Railroad, which furnishes cheap, direct and 
reliable transportation to Philadelphia, New York and other 
Northern cities, which are the chief markets for small fruits 
and vegetables. The Queen Anne's railroad and the Baltimore, 
Chesapeake and Atlantic railway traverse the peninsula from 
east to west and have direct connection with Baltimore by their 
own steamboats. 

In Talbot County, where practically all of the suitable land 
is under cultivation and two-thirds of it is worked by the own- 
ers, farm lands contiguous to water bring from $40 to $100 
an acre, while those at a distance from water may be purchased 
at from $30 to $60. 

Somerset County has a great deal of uncultivated land which 
settlers can buy on easy terms. 

In Dorchester County there is a great deal of marsh land, 
which is devoted to grazing. Land can be bought in tracts of 
twenty acres and upwards at low prices and on easy terms. 
Cambridge, the county seat, has shipbuilding and other 
industries. 

Cecil County needs a larger population. It has unused lands 
at reasonable prices. The manufactures of Cecil are important. 
Among the industrial establishments are rolling mills, forges, 
blast furnaces, paper miUs. flour mills, fire brick, kaolin and 
potter^^ factories. 

Southern Maryland. 

The surface of Southern Maryland is somewhat higher and 
more broken than that of Eastern Maryland. Perhaps no part 
of the State offers greater opportunities or inducements to 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 31 

settlers than are afforded in this section. About one-third of 
the land in St. Mary's County is untilled, and there is also a 
considerable amount of land held in large tracts uncultivated, 
because the owners are unable to work it to advantage. The 
price of much interior land is merely nominal. Some of it may 
be bought for from $4 to $6 per acre, while land contiguous 
to water may be purchased for from $10 to $30 per acre. 
Along the water there are many farms containing 400 and 
500 acres. Settlers desiring to locate will find plenty of land at 
a low figure and those who so prefer can sometimes rent on 
easy terms. 

In Calvert County the farming lands are in really good 
condition, though owing to the sparseness of the population, 
they are improved only to a small extent. Land thickly wood- 
ed with well grown pines, poplars, hickory, oak and gum tim- 
ber can be obtained at low rates, and when cleared is very 
productive. 

Good cleared lands sell at from $6 to $10 per acre. The 
best river bottom farm lands can be bought for $80 per acre. 
It is estimated that at least 30 per cent, of the land in Charles 
County under cultivation in i860 is now idle. The soil, how- 
ever, is good and well adapted to corn, wheat, tobacco, grass 
and fruit, and within the last year or two a German Catholic 
and a Danish Lutheran colony have been established. Several 
Western American farmers also have bought farms in this 
county. It is traversed by a good railroad and the points along 
the Potomac River are connected by steamboat lines with 
Washington and Baltimore. Good, large farms, with fair 
buildings and not over twenty miles by a good road from 
Washington, have been sold to Westerners at the rate of $10 
per acre ; but the price of land shows a tendency to rise some- 



32 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

what, as a result of the influx of new settlers brought about 
through the efforts of this Bureau. 

We have been told by Western settlers that land in Maryland 
is just as good as and in many places far better than that of 
Illinois, for instance, where land sells for $125 per acre. The 
only reason why land is still cheap here is that until now but 
few people outside of Maryland have known that there was 
any land at all for sale in this State. 

The Secretary of the United States Department of Agri- 
culture, in his report of 1901, on page 47, says about 
Maryland : 

"In St. Mary's and Calvert Counties there are eight types of 
soil, which differ greatly in character and agricultural value. 
They are suited to different crops and agricultural conditions ; 
but this fact has never been fully realized, and it is only by 
realization of this and the proper adaptation of the soils to the 
crops that the greatest development of the country can be 
brought about. 

"There are soils there ranging from $3 to $10 an acre 
which are in every way equal to the soils in other localities 
worth ten times that much, and which are profitably worked at 
this valuation. 

"In Prince George County a greater number of soil types 
was encountered and a greater variety of interest can be ob- 
served. The proximity to Washington and Baltimore markets 
should make it possible to introduce extensive methods, which 
would greatly change the agricultural conditions of the 
region." 

Although a great number of Western and European farm- 
ers have settled in Prince George County during the past few 
years, a large proportion of its total area is still untilled, and 




E. WILLIAM STREET, SALISBURY, MARYLAND 




CORNFIELD NEAR SALISBURY 




LOWER MAIN STREET, SALISBURY, MARYLAND 




WICOMICO COUNTY HAYFIELD 




HAPPY HOME IN KENT COUNTY 




LARGE FARM ON THE EASTERN SHORE 





STRAWBERRIES AND OYSTERS PLENTIFUL 




AN OLDTIMER IN HARFORD COUNTY 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 33 

every possible inducement is presented to those desiring- to buy 
small farms. 

Anne Arundel, in which is situated Annapolis, the capital 
of the State, has a great variety of soil. Farming is largely 
devoted to raising fruits and vegetables. In the northern part 
of the county the price of land ranges from $50 to $200 per 
acre, while in other sections it is in some cases as low as $5 
per acre. The average price is about $30. The soil in many 
portions of Anne Arundel County is identical with that of the 
famous small friiit growing county of Cumberland, New Jer- 
sey; but the climate here is more favorable and offers special 
inducement to fruit growers, while the location is such that 
there is a choice of excellent city markets. 

Western Maryland. 

TliC western section of Maryland, wedged in between Penn- 
S3-lvania and the Virginias, is the hill country of the State, 
where bituminous coal gives a stimulus to industry, and where 
manufacturing operations, as well as prosperous farming, are 
carried on extensively. 

The chief source of wealth in Garrett and Allegany Coun- 
ties is the coal fields, and mines and timber. In the former 
county there is also cheap land and rich soil. Sheep raising 
has already become an extensive and profitable industry. The 
maple sugar industry is also largely prosecuted, the average 
annual crop being about 250,000 pounds. 

Allegany is chiefly a region of mining and mechanical in- 
dustry. Large industrial establishments of all kinds are found 
here. Two-fifths of the area is woodland, which, if divided 
into small holdings, would afford a fine opportunity for immi- 
grants to settle with profit. 



34 State of Maryland — Bureau of Iininigration 

Washington County is a limestone region. The land is rich 
and the wheat crop is large. Great attention is paid to the 
cultivation of fruit — ^apples, grapes, cherries, plums and 
peaches. Throughout the mountain region peach orchards 
have been established, and land which previously would not 
have sold for $5 per acre has advanced to $50 and even $100 
per acre. 

In Northern and Central Maryland, or the counties of Wash- 
ington, Montgomery, Frederick, Howard, Baltimore and Har- 
ford, there are generally good soils, and the land is mostly 
under cultivation. In Frederick County, for instance, not only 
is the soil rich, but the county is highly improved and splendid- 
ly cultivated. It ranks almost first among the counties of 
the whole United States in the production of wheat; while 
the value of those products usually called "side crops" probably 
exceeds that of the wheat crop, which amounts to about 2,000,- 
000 bushels a year. Dairying, poultry breeding and fruit grow- 
ing give variety to the farm life. The intelligent and thrifty 
farmers of this part of Maryland have highly bred cattle, 
horses, hogs and other domestic animals. 

Baltimore County is chiefly given to industries of all kinds, 
such as develop of themselves in the neighborhood of a large 
city. As to farming, it goes without saying that in a territory 
so close to a great metropolis there is a never-ceasing demand 
for farm products, so that Baltimore County farmers in the 
north have the advantage, as Anne Arundel producers have in 
the south, of a market always near at hand. 

In Carroll County dairy farming and stock raising are car- 
ried on very extensively. There is not much vacant land here, 
and the size of the farms averages about forty acres. One of 
the best in Maryland. 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 35 

In Harford County the soil is especially adapted to fruit and 
vegetable growing. Farms of from 60 to 150 acres can be 
purchased at reasonable prices. The products always find will- 
ing purchasers in the fruit and vegetable packing houses, of 
which there are 500 located in the county, and where the annual 
output of canned goods is, in favorable seasons, enormous. 
Also dairying and the raising of horses, cattle and sheep are 
profitable. 

Howard County has throughout heavy, yellow soil and 
produces good crops of wheat, corn and hay. It is a good 
locality for thrifty and industrious farmers to select for a home, 
and those who settled here within the past few years are well 
satisfied. Land can be bought at from $12 to $60 per acre. 

Along the Bay Shore. 

There are many large tidal marshes in Maryland, as might 
be expected in a territory watered like this State. The cause 
of their being of the richest soil to be found is that the Chesa- 
peake Bay is a great river valley, receiving the drainage of a 
vast area of fertile land. Every year this drainage brings 
down a black sediment, which is deposited on the marsh lands 
and enriches the soil, making it of a quality which, with proper 
cultivation, cannot be surpassed in productivity. In their un- 
reclaimed state these lands are used chiefly for grazing. 

Fisheries. 

The Chesapeake Bay is a great river valley ; not so large as 
that of the Nile or the Ganges, but of enough consequence to 
play an important part in human affairs and to support in 
comfort and prosperity a population as large as that of many 
famous States. It receives the drainage of a vast area of fertile 



o 



6 State of Maryland — Bureau of luuuigration 



land, stretching over the meadows and hillsides of nearly one- 
third of New York, and nearly all of the great agricultural 
States of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. 

Natural Oyster Beds, 

The most valuable part of the soil of this great tract of farm- 
ing land, more than forty million acres in area, ultimately finds 
its way to the bay, in whose quiet waters it makes a long halt 
on its journey to the ocean ; and it is deposited all over the bay 
in the form of fine, light, black sediment knowai as oyster mud. 
This is just as valuable to man, and just as fit to nourish plants, 
as the mud which settles every year on the wheat and rice fields 
of Egypt. 

This alluvium is in fact, a natural fertilizer, which sustai;-.-^ 
an endless variety of microscopic plants and animals, on which 
the Chesapeake Bay oyster fattens and multiplies and becomes 
the exceptional oyster of the world for flavor and other quali- 
ties. It is estimated that for sixty-six years, that is, from 
1834, when the oyster packing business w^as established in 
Maryland, to the year 1900, upw^ards of 500,000,000 bushels 
of oysters were taken from the natural beds in the Chesapeake 
Bay and its tributaries for packing and shipment. Under 
proper restrictions and regulated oyster farming the Chesa- 
peake oyster supply will prove an almost boundless source of 
wealth, comfort and prosperity to many thousands of the in- 
habitants of the State. The reproductive power of the oyster 
is most Avonderful, and the young oysters attach themselves in 
millions to oyster shells and other refuse thrown into the water 
for that purpose. 

At present this industry occupies more than 32.000 men, and 
the annual output is about 10.000,000 bushels. The excellent 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Iinuiigration 37 

quality of these oysters, whicli are raised in the Chesapeake 
Bay exckisively, assures them a rapid sale. 

Shad Fisheries. 

The fisheries of Maryland are not to be overlooked. Of 
these the most important are the shad fisheries. The gov- 
ernment of the United States and of the State have com- 
bined to aid our citizens in the prosecution of this branch of 
industry, and no ignorant local sentiment has interfered with 
their efforts, as has been the case in other lines. The shad, by 
a knowledge of its nature, has become, in a certain sense, a do- 
mestic animal, and is controlled by man. The fully grown 
shad inhabit the open ocean, but each spring they visit our 
shores, enter our inlets and bays and make their way up to the 
fresh water, where they deposit their eggs. 

Crab Catching. 

Next in importance to the oyster fisheries and the float- 
ing fish industry is crab catching. It employs a great many 
persons and adds many thousands of dollars daily, during 
the season, to the wealth of the communit}^ where this in- 
dustry flourishes. Crabs are caug-ht in small boats, having 
in them only one or two persons. The proceeds reach the 
laboring classes generally. Crabs are caught either with hand 
nets or with nets called dredges, weighed down with iron, 
which are held by rope thrown over the sides of the little craft. 

Crabs are shipped alive to Chicago, Duluth, Minneapolis, 
Denver and, we have been informed, to Portland, Oregon, ar- 
riving in good condition. It is necessary that the soft crab 
should reach its destination alive ; it is then healthv and whole- 



38 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

some. If dead but a short time it is still edible but if a long 
time dead, the crab should not be eaten. The only g-uarantee 
therefore that it is fresh is to have it alive. 

Crisfield is the largest crab fishing station in the world, and 
a great deal of money changes hands at that place during the 
season for crabs. A large number of firms are engaged in the 
business, and one firm will ship from one to two thousand 
dozens of soft crabs a day. 

Big Fish in the Chesapeake. 

The sturgeon, from which caviare is made, abounds in the 
Chesapeake Bay. It is a large fish, weighing sometimes from 
50 to 200 pounds or more. The drum fish is also plentiful; 
it weighs from 25 to 75 pounds and is of fine flavor. The 
sheepshead, so called from the resemblance that its teeth bear 
to those of a sheep, is one of the finest fish to be found any- 
where in the world. It is ([uite large, weighing from 2 to 15 
pounds, and of the most delicate flavor and texture. 

Coal and Iron. 

Coal is found in large quantities in Western Maryland and 
has been extensively and profitably mined ever since the be- 
ginning of the century. The George's Creek Coal and Iron 
Company is the oldest corporation of the kind in the State 
and still remains independent and prosperous. The Consoli- 
dated Coal Company has a capital of $5,000,000 and is now 
actively employed in developing its many productive mines. 
The shipments from this region w'ill aggregate from 4,000,000 
to 5,000,000 tons annually. The coal is bituminous and of the 
best quality shipped to the sea coast. 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Iiniiiigration 39 

Maryland has been a producer and exporter of iron since 
the beginning- of the eighteenth century. Indeed, as far back 
as 1648 mention is made of the fact that pig iron was being 
produced in the Province at $12 per ton, and in 1681 a duty 
was placed on iron exported from the Province. 

The Maryland Steel Company, at Sparrows Point, is largely 
engaged in rolling steel rails and in the manufacture of plates, 
bridges, ships, etc. 

Copper Mines. 

Copper is also found in the State in no inconsiderable quan- 
tities. There are three veins of this ore. The first is in 
the Linganore Hills and consists of the New London and the 
Dollyhide. The second is about twenty miles east of these. 
The mines are the Springfield, near Sykesville; the Mineral 
Hill, about five miles northeast of the Springfield; and the 
Patapsco, near Finksburg. Five miles to the northeast is 
the third deposit in the Bare Hills, near Mt. Washington. 
These two, while not running now, have considerable promise 
of ore; but the low price of copper, the smallness of produc- 
tion and the cost of ec^uipment with modern machinery have 
for years prevented them from being worked. Chrome ore is 
also found in the Bare Hills, and chrome has been for years 
successfully produced. Gold has long been found, principally 
in Montgomery County, but not in profitable quantities. 

Building Stones. 

An exceedingly valuable granite is found in Maryland, chief- 
ly along the Susquehanna River, near Port Deposit. A fine 
quality of granite is found near Woodstock, in Baltimore 



40 State of Maryland — Bureau of Iinuiigration 

County. Fully three-fourths of the material for the fine gran- 
ite work in Baltimore has been procured from this quarry, 
while in Washington it has been extensively used in the Capi- 
tol, the Patent Office, the Post Office and the new Congres- 
sional Library. 

Sandstone, admirably adapted to building purposes, is found 
aljundantly. A bed of Seneca red sandstone enters Maryland 
from Pennsylvania between Emmitsburg and Union Bridge, 
extending towards Point of Rocks. Another area occupies the 
southwest part of Montgomery County, on the Chesapeake and 
Ohio Canal. Extensive quarries are situated at the mouth 
of Seneca Creek in Montgomery County on the Chesapeake 
and Ohio Canal. This stone is a favorite with builders. It i-^ 
strong and durable, easily worked and beautifully colored. 
When first quarried it is comparatively soft and susceptible of 
very delicate carving, but soon hardens on exposure. The 
Smithsonian Buildings in Washington are built of this stone. 

Roofing slate is found in the famous Peach Bottom region 
in Harford County, of fine quality and in large quantities. It 
is also found near Ijamsville, Frederick County. 

The marbles of Maryland are famous among the building 
stones of the United States, and justly so. The finest are 
found in Baltimore County, along the belt extending from 
Lake Roland to Cockeysville, which is traversed by the North- 
ern Central Railroad. Marble is extensively quarried at Texas 
and to the north of Cockeysville. The marble in the Washing- 
ton Monument in Baltimore came from the Beaver Dam quar- 
ries in this section. The I'nited States government tests show 
that for durability and strength it is unequaled. It is 
used extensively in Washington, Baltimore, and Philadelphia; 
163,734 cubic feet of it are in the Washington Monument in 
Washington, D. C. The Metropolitan Club, New York City, 




n I 





TOBACCO IN MARYLAND 




ON THE PATUXENT RIVER IN CALVERT COUNTY 





RIVER FARM IN MARYLAND 







SCENE ON THE PATUXENT RIVER 



RIVER FRONT IN PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY 




WATER FRONT IN QUEEN ANNE'S COUNTY 




PEACE AND PLENTY IN CECIL COUNTY 




OYSTER SHORE IN DORCHESTER COUNTY 






WATER SCENE IN DORCHESTER COUNTY 




HOME IN SOUTHERN MARYLAND 








RIVER FARM NEAR POCOMOKE CITY, SOMERSET COUNTY 




LARGE FARM IN WICOMICO COUNTY 



Sfafc of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 41 

contains 40,000 cubic feet. The Peabody Institute, City Hall 
and Maryland Club House in Baltimore are constructed of this 
stone. 

Decorative stones of great beauty and value for building 
purposes are also found in Maryland. Some of these are 
found in Wakefield Valley near Westminster, and near New 
Windsor and Union Bridge. We should not omit to mention 
the calico rock or Potomac marble found near Washington 
Junction, in Frederick County. 

Cement of fine quality is manufactured at Cumberland, at 
Hancock, Sharpsburg and other places in Washington County. 

Clay of the best quality for brick making is found in many 
localities and is highly prized for building purposes. Fire 
brick clay is also abundant, as well as that employed in making 
pottery, etc. 

Industry. 

While the rural districts of Maryland have predominantly 
an agricultural population, the State is by no means behind 
others in regard to manufacturing and other industrial enter- 
prises. According to the census of 1900, 149,069 persons, or 
I2y2 per cent, of the total population, are engaged in manu- 
facturing. In Baltimore City and the different counties of the 
State there are 9,880 manufacturing establishments, with a 
total working capital of $163,422,260. 



42 State of Maryland — Bureau of huDii^ration 

The following table shows how these are distributed through 
the State: 



Counties. 



The whole State. 

Allegany 

Anne Arundel 

Baltimore City 

Baltimore 

Calvert 

Caroline 

Carroll 

Cecil 

Charles 

Dorchester 

Frederick 

Garrett 

Harford 

Howard 

Kent 

Montgomery 

Prince George's.. . . 

Queen Anne's 

St. Mary's 

Somerset 

Talbot 

Washington 

Wicomico 

Worcester 



No. Fac- 


Working 


1 tories. 
1 


Capital. 


9,88o 


$163,422,260 


250 


6,375,17s 


1 124 


3,012,756 


6.361 


117,869,175 


1 333 


16,812,468 


35 


77.721 


118 


395,577 


300 


1,672,197 


150 


1,681,081 


40 


103,730 


132 


807,845 


353 


2,386,538 


no 


1,216,655 


295 


2,001,749 


82 


1,196,441 


77 


505.151 


131 


273,805 


57 


467,471 


75 


227,692 


8 


80,162 


93 


475.641 


114 


604,621 


376 


3,107,123 


165 


1,503,231 


lOI 


568,255 



No other State in the Union posses.ses such an extensive 
system of natural waterways, ship canals, good country roads 
and numerous railway and electric roads as IMaryland. In all 
parts of the State the settler lias two or three modes of trans- 
portation at his command, and, as the freights are very low. 
the products of the soil can be transported at a nominal cost 
to the great markets of Baltimore, Washington. Wilmington, 
Philadelphia, New York and Boston, which can he reached in 
from two to eight hours. 

The steamers of the North German Lloyd maintain a regular 
weekly service between Baltimore and Bremen, and large piers 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Iminigration 43 

are now' being built and arrangements for similar service are 
being made by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company with 
several other foreign steamship lines. 

Conclusion. 

The intending settler in Maryland has the choice between 
mountainous, hilly and flat land ; and likewise between broken 
and unbroken land, while the prices vary according to its 
condition and the improvements made. There is no homestead 
land in the State of Maryland. 

For those who wish to avoid the hard work of breaking 
woodlands, the Eastern Shore and Western Shore offer abund- 
ant opportunities to procure well cultivated, arable land with 
buildings, orchards and woods, in the immediate vicinity of 
navigable rivers and railways, on good roads, at very reasona- 
ble prices, from $14 per acre upwards. 

For settlers who are accustomed to live in the mountainous 
regions, the western part of Maryland has land for sale at even 
cheaper rates. 

A farmer in Maryland can, on a farm of from 40 to 60 acres, 
make a better living than in a Western and Northwestern 
States on a 200 acre farm. Therefore we can conscientiously 
advise both capitalists and small farmers or families who want 
to possess a little estate of their own and devote themselves to 
agricultural pursuits, to come to Maryland and establish their 
home here. 

The man who possesses a few thousand dollars to purchase 
a farm in Maryland and pay cash for it is at once assured of a 
good future. But also a less favored settler, if he possesses 
only from $400 to $800, can have a good start in Maryland, 
and by dint of industry and economy can attain independence 
and prosperity. 



44 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

A fact worth remembering is that famihes of immigrants 
when travelHng to the Western, Northwestern and Southern 
States of America, have to spend from $150 to $200 for rail- 
road tickets from New York to their destination ; by going to 
Maryland they can save all that money and invest it in land. 

The following tables, taken from the last census of the 
United States, may be of interest to settlers : 

Maryland. 

Extreme width of State from east to west, miles 240 

Extreme length of State from north to south, miles 125 

Total area of State, square miles 12,210 

Land surface of State, square miles 9,860 

Water surface of State, square miles 2.350 

Average number of persons to the square mile 120 

Incorporated villages, towns and cities in Maryland 98 

State Educational Facilities. 

Number of schools in counties of Maryland -2,357 

Number of schools in Baltimore City 176 

Number of normal schools 2 

Schools for the deaf and dumb 2 

Maryland School for the Blmd i 

High schools in the counties 51 

Manual training schools in counties : . . . 17 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 



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46 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

How to Reach Maryland. 

The North German Lloyd maintains a regular weekly 
service between Baltimore and Bremen. For those immigrants 
who land at New York the railway trip from there to Baltimore 
(by either the Pennsylvania or the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- 
road) lasts only a few hours and is so inexpensive that it does 
not enter into the account. 

Settlers from the Western States come via either St. Louis 
or Chicago. The best route from the eastern provinces of 
Canada is via Buffalo, N. Y. 



state of Maryland— Bureau of Immigration 47 

The following- table gives the distance and approximate rate 
to Baltimore from various important cities : 




Atlanta. Ga 802 

Birmingham, Ala j 657 

Bismarck, N. D 418 

Boston, Mass 402 

Buffalo, N. Y 551 

Charleston, S. C j gii 

Cheyenne, Wyo 802 

Chicago, 111 ^ ^ I 593 

Cincinnati, O ' 474 

Cleveland, O ' " ^n 

Columbus. O 1^850 

Denver, Colo ' ' i 158 

Des Moines, la 653 

Detroit, Mich j^gi 

Galveston. Texas ' 2.341 

Helena. Mont '....... 704 

Indianapolis. Ind jq^o 

Jackson, Miss 807 

Jacksonville, Fla • j 211 

Kansas City, Mo j'j55 

Little Rock, Ark ' ' ' 703 

Louisville, Ky 969 

Memphis, Tenn 887 

Milwaukee, Wis " ' gg^ 

Montgomery. Ala .74 

Montreal. Canada ' j j^q 

New Orleans, La 'jgg 

New York, N. Y ^ 295 

Omaha. Neb '586 

Ottawa, Canada ^5 

Philadelphia, Pa 2,700 

Phoenix, Arizona .'........ i',575 

Pierre, S. D 2^3 

Pittsburg, Pa 3 144 

Portland, Oregon 737 

Quebec, Canada ; ' ' " 33- 

Raleigh, N. C ■■■'■■ j^g 

Richmond, Va 2 37^ 

Salt Lake City, Utah • ^^/^-^ 

San Francisco. Cal '^34 

St. Louis, Mo J 212 

St. Paul, Minn ' ^g^ 

Toledo, Ohio '■ 4^ 

Washington, D. C j 5^4 

Winnipeg^Canada^^^^^^^^^^,:,:.^^,^^.!^^ 



48 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

VVe often receive requests for homeseekers' tickets, and in 
regard thereto, must say that we are not in a position to offer 
anything in that hne, as the railroad companies are very much 
opposed to our efforts to bring people from the West to Mary- 
land. Every farmer in the West is a good customer for the 
railroads, as all of his grain and cattle — in fact, everything 
that he has for sale — must be transported by rail to the large 
cities of the East. But farmers in Maryland, as they live close 
to markets, have to spend very little or nothing for the ship- 
ment of their produce. 

The fact that the railroad companies are always willing to 
give reduced rates and sometimes even free tickets to such 
points as are distant from markets, and will do nothing for 
people desiring to settle in ^laryland, where they are within 
easy reach of half a dozen giant cities, should be a good reason 
for a prospective settler to pay his fare to investigate this State. 
In no respect is the West better than Maryland, on the con- 
trary, as we have already stated, in many particulars our State 
surpasses the Western States. Here every sense finds gratifica- 
tion. The eye is pleased with beautiful scenery — mountains 
or valleys, rocks and glades, and the broad bay and beautiful 
rivers. The mocking bird and other sweet songsters delight 
our ears; while fish, game and fruits gratify the taste. The 
winter cold is moderated by the ocean and bay, and the sum- 
mer heat is tempered by the same influence. 

Sawmills abound here and timber is found everywhere in 
great abundance and very cheap. 

To the immigrants from England, Ireland, North Crermany, 
Holland and Belgium, who are accustomed to the flat lands of 
those countries, the Eastern Shore will be especially attractive ; 
while those coming from Scotland, France, Scandinavia. 
Switzerland and South Germany will be pleased with the hilly 




HON. MURRAY VANDIVER, 
State Treasurer. 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 49 

land of the Western Shore. Xo greater variety, beauty or 
excellence can be found anywhere. \\t can please all and we 
have room for all. 

In Maryland suitable soil, if properly cultivated, will produce 
40 bushels of wheat to the acre, and the cost, including grass 
seed, fertilizer, threshing, etc., is $14.70. The returns from 
sale at 70 cents per bushel, are S28 per acre and S2 additional 
for the straw. 

Under highly improved cultivation, the yield of com is 80 
bushels per acre; the cost of production S15.40; while the 
proceeds, at 45 cents per bushel, amount to $36, with $7 addi- 
tional for the fodder. 

Land properly cultivated will yield 4,000 quarts of straw- 
berries to an acre. The cost of production, including picking 
and delivery, amounts to S185.55; the proceeds, at 7 cents a 
quart, to $280, making a net profit of $94.45 per acre. 

The tomato crop is also very profitable. The young plants 
are set out in the spring; many do this with a machine, but two 
persons can easily plant seven acres in a day by hand. The 
plants should be placed the same distance apart as in the case 
of corn and cultivated in the same manner. The canning 
factories pay on an average $8 per ton for tomatoes, and an 
acre will produce from 6 to 10 tons, according to the quality- 
of the soil. 

The demand for cereals is much greater than the supplv, 
consequently they bring good prices at all seasons. In the 
neighborhood of the larger cities trucking and fruit growing 
are very profitably combined with poultry- raising, often on 
farms of not more than five or ten acres. 

In Maryland many farmers devote part of their time ver\' 
successfully to the culture of bees, and there is nowhere a better 
climate for the cultivation of tiowers than that of Maryland. 



50 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

English florists, who have settled in Baltimore County, daily- 
send to all parts of the United States and even of Canada a 
great many large boxes of the most beautiful roses, carnations, 
violets and other choice flowers. These men began on a small 
scale and have been very prosperous. 

On a farm of from 40 to 60 acres a settler can, by industry 
and economy, live comfortably and attain to easy circum- 
stances, if he and his family can cultivate their own land. He 
can dispose of his products with little expense, as railroad, elec- 
tric and steamboat lines run in all directions and freight rates 
are low. A farmer who lives along the water can have his own 
motor boat or sailboat and take his products to market himself. 

No fear need be felt of blighting frosts and the farm work 
can proceed almost all the year round. We can only add that 
any self-respecting and upright person coming here from 
another State or from abroad to settle in our midst is assured 
of a hearty welcome from Marylanders. 

Prices of Farm Products in Baltimore, Maryland. 

In response to many inquiries about the prices of Farm 
Products in Baltimore, Maryland, we print below the report 
of the '< Sun ", dated November 12, 190S, with some addi- 
tional facts: 

Flour. 

Receipts. 5,815 barrels, including 3,582 barrels for through shipment. The 
market was firm. The prices, as compared with the same day a year 
ago, were as follows : 

Nov. 12. Year Ago. 

Winter Extra $3.80-4.05 $3.90-4.10 

Winter Clear 4.20-4.35 4.20-4.35 

Winter Straight 4.45-4.60 4.50-4.65 

Winter Patent 4.90-5.05 4.80-4.95 

Spring Clear 4-25-4-55 4-25-4-65 

Spring Straiglit 4.90-5.15 5.15-5.40 

Spring Patent 5.60-5.85 5-50-575 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 51 

City Mills' Best Patent 6.15-.... 6.25-.... 

City Mills' High-Grade Patent.... 5-35----- 5-45----- 

City Mills' High-Grade Straight.. . S-05----- 5-i5----- 

City Mills' Choice Family 4-75- ■■■■ 4-75- ■■■ ■ 

City Mills' Extra 375-3-90 3.80-4.00 

Wheat. 

Receipts, 34,556 bushels Western ; shipments from elevators, 48,443 
bushels : stock in elevators, 840,791 bushels. No. 2 red was quoted at 
$1.05; Western spot, $1.04^; November, $1.04^; December, $i.0554- 
December wheat was in demand. The close was as follows : Spot, 
$i.04H ; November, $1.04^ ; December, $1.0514-1.05^. Sales, i car 
No. 2 red Western spot, $1.0654 ; 3,5oo bushels do., $1.06^; 20,000 
bushels December, $1,055-^; i5,ooo bushels December, $1.05^; 3 cars 
rejected, in elevator, $1.00^; i car steamer No. 2 red Western spot, 
$1.04; 5,000 bushels December, $1.06; i car No. 2 red Western spot, 
$1.07. Settling prices: No. 2 red Western, $1.07; contract spot, $1.05. 

Corn. 

Receipts, 9,821 bushels, including 918 bushels Southern white, 170 bushels 
Southern yellow and 8,733 bushels Western ; shipments from eleva- 
tors, 904 bushels ; stock in elevators, 39,085 bushels. The receipts of 
Southern Corn were 39,085 bushels. Sales of small lots of new white 
were at 65-68C. and of a cargo of new steamer white at 70c. One 
small lot of new yellow sold at 75c. Track yellow Corn (new), for 
domestic delivery was quoted at 73-74C. per bushel for car lots on 
spot, according to location. Cob-Corn was quoted at $2.95-3 per bar- 
rel for carloads of prime yellow on spot. Bag lots of prime yellow on 
the wharf were quoted at $3 per barrel. Western opened easy; spot, 
new, 69^c. ; year, 67-67^^c. ; January, 66-66J/2C. ; February, 66i4-66^c. 
The market closed as follows : Spot, new, 69^c. ; November, new, 
69^c. asked ; year, 66^c. ; January, 66c. ; February, 66j4c. Sales, 
10,000 bushels January, 6614c.; car rejected yellow (new) track 
65J^c. ; No. 4 (yellow) track, 67c.; car steamer yellow (domestic) 
track, 70c. Settling price, spot, new, 70c. 

Oats. 

Receipts, 1,223 bushels ; withdrawn from elevators, 7,875 bushels ; stock in 
elevators, 234,837 bushels. The quotations were : White, No. 2, 
54^c. ; white. No. 3, 53-54C. ; white, No. 4, 52-52J4C. ; mixed. No. 2, 
52J4-S3C. ; mixed, No. 3, 5i54c. Sales, i car choice No. 3 white heavy, 
in elevator, 54c. ; .1 car No. 3 white, light, track, 53c. ; 3 cars No. 4 
white, in elevator, 52c. ; 2 cars No. 3 white, medium, in elevator, 5S%c. 

Rye. 

Receipts, 718 bushels ; withdrawn, 606 bushels, stock in elevators, 197,721 
bushels. Quotations were: No. 2 Western Rye, per bushel, 813^-820.; 
No. 4 Rye, Western uptown delivery, per bushel, 79-79^c. ; bag lots, 
as to quality and condition, per bushel, 75-81C. 



D- 



Statc of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 



Hay. 

Closing prices were: No. i Timothy, large bales, per ton, $14.50; No. i 
Timothy, small blocks, per ton, $14.50; No. 2 Timothy, as to location, 
per ton, $13-13.50; No. 3 Timothy, per ton, $10.50-11.50; No. i Clover, 
mixed, per ton, $11.50; No. 2 Clover, mixed, per ton, $10-10.50; No. i 
Clover, per ton, $11.50-12; No. 2 Clover, per ton, $10-10.50. Receipts, 
169 tons, including 21 tons for export. 

Straw. 

The prices were as follows : Straight Rye, fair to choice, per ton, 

$16.50-17; straight Rye, No. 2, per ton, $15.50-16; tangled Rye 

(blocks), per ton, $11.50-12; Wheat blocks, fair to choice, per ton, 
$7.50-8; Oat, good to prime, per ton, $8.50-9. Receipts, 13 tons. 

jMill Feed. 

Prices were as follows : Spring Brand, in lOO-pound sacks, per ton, $24- 
24.50; Western Middling, in loo-pound sacks, per ton, $24-24.50; City 
Mills' Middlings, in lOO-pound sacks, per ton, $24-24.50; City Mills' 
Brand, in loo-pound sacks, per ton, $24-24.50. 

Provisions. 

Jobbing prices were as follows : Small Hams, I2^c. ; large Hams, 12c. ; 
skin-back Hams, I2^-I3c. ; California Hams, 8c. ; sugar-cured Breasts, 
iiYzc; sugar-cured Shoulder, 9c. ; dry salted Rio Sides, loY^c; dry 
salted Shoulders, 9c.; Bacon Shoulders, loc. ; Pork, per barrel, $17; 
Lard, in tierces, loj^c. 



Butter. 
Butter — The market was firm. The quotations w 



Creamery Separator 

Creamery Imitation 

Iowa Northwestern Ladle.... 

Store-packed 

Rolls 

West Virginia and Ohio Rnib 
Creamery Prints (i-poundj. 
Creamery Prints (J^-^-pound). 

Rolls (2-pound) 

Md., Va. and Pa. Prints 

Renovated, best marks 

Renovated, best prints 



ere : 






Ext 


ras. 


Firsts. 


30-31 


27-29 


^i 


-24 


21-22 






-20 


18-19 






"I" 
-19 


'.'.-'ik 






-19 


17-18 




^i 


-2,2 


29-30 


31 


-2,2 


29-30 


30-31 


28-29 




-18 


..-17 


24 


-25 


22-23 




25 


-2b 


23-24 



Cheese. 
Jobbing prices were, per pound, I4^-I5c. 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Inuiiigration 53 

Eggs. 

Receipts were light with the market firm. Quotations, loss off, were as 
follows: Maryland, per dozen, 31c.; Virginia, per dozen, 31c.; West- 
ern, per dozen, 31c.; West Virginia, per dozen, 30c.; Southern, per 
dozen, 29c. These are the prices officially established by the Egg 
Committee of the Baltimore Fruit and Produce Association for whole- 
sale lots. Recrated or rehandled Eggs at ^-/^c. a dozen higher. 

Live Poultry. 

The official wholesale prices of the Baltimore Fruit and Produce Associa- 
tion were : Fowls, old Hens, heavy, per pound, loc. ; light, per pound, 
IOC. ; young Chickens, per pound, lie; Ducks, per pound, lo-iic. ; 
Drakes, each, 30-400.; White Pekins, per pound, ii-i2c. ; Geese, West- 
ern and Southern, per pound, lo-iic. ; Maryland and Virginia, per 
pound, lo-iic. ; Kent Island, per pound, 12-13C. Turkeys, young, 10 
pounds and over, per pound, 13c. ; old, per pound, 13c. ; small and 
thin, per pound, loc. Pigeons, young, per pair, 15-2OC. ; old, per pair, 
15c. Guinea Fowls, old, 25c.; young, lyi pounds and over, 40-45C. 

Game. 

Pheasants, choice, each, $1.50; off birds, each, 50-60C. Quail, per dozen, 
$3.25-3.50; off birds, per dozen, $1.50. Rabbits, choice, per dozen, 
$2-2.25; fair to good, per dozen, $1.20-1.80. Wild Turkey, per pound, 
17-18C. 

Fresh Fish. 

The following were the wholesale quotations : Rock, boiling, per pound, 
I0-I2C. ; medium, per pound, 7-8c. ; pan, per pound, 4-5C. Bass, per 
pound, 4-8c. Carp, per pound, 2-5C. White Perch, large, per pound, 
8-ioc. ; medium, per pound, 6c. ; small, per pound, 2-3C. Yellow Perch, 
per pound, 6-7C. ; medium, per pound, 4-5C. ; small, per pound, 2-3C. 
Salmon Trout, per pound, 5-6c. ; Gray Trout, per pound, 2-5C. Floun- 
ders, per pound, 4c. Catfish, per pound, 2-4C. Green Pike, per pound, 
10-15C. Eels, per pound, 1-5C. Pompanos, per pound, 25-300. Tay- 
lors, per pound, 4-ioc. Mackerel, per pound, io-i6c. Spots, per pound, 
i>2-2c. Oysters, raw box, per barrel, $3.25-3.50; prime, per barrel, 
$2.50-3.00. 

Vegetables. 

Potatoes, white. New York State, per bushel, 85c. Pennsylvania and 
Maryland, per bushel, according to quality, 70-80C. ; Sweet Potatoes, 
per barrel, $2.15-2.50. Cabbage, New York, per ton, $21. Corn, per 
dozen, 6-ioc. Celery, New York, per crate, $1.50-2.75; native, per 
bunch, 2H-3C. Lettuce, Norfolk, per basket, 25-50C. ; native, box, 
123/2-15C. Turnips, per bushel, 10-12C. String Beans, Southern, per 
half-barrel basket, $1.75-2. Lima Beans, per bushel box, 80-90C. 
Pumpkins, each, iH-2c. Spinach, native, per box, I254-I5c. Onions, 
per bushel, 50-550. Carrots, per bushel box, 150. Kale, per box, 
12K-15C. 



54 State of Maryland — Bureau of luiuiigration 



Fruits. 

Apples, nearby, cloth-top, per barrel, $1-1.50; Northern and New York, 
double-head, per barrel, $i.75-3-25- Grape Fruit, Florida, per box, 
$1.50-2.50. Oranges, Florida, per box, $1.75-2.50. Pineapples, Florida, 
per crate, $2-2.50. Pears, Mar3'land Keifers, per barrel, 75c.-$i ; New 
York Seckels and other varieties, per barrel, $2-5. Cranberries, per 
barrel, $9-10; per box, $2.50-2.75. Grapes, per basket, 11-13C. 

Beef Cattle. 

Beef Cattle — Prices were steady, at quotations as follows : First quality, 

per pound, 4-4HC. ; medium, per pound, 3-3J^c. ; Bulls, per pound, 

2/^-3c. ; thin Steers and Cows, per pound, 2-2^c. ; Oxen, per pound, 

2H-3^c. ; Milch Cows, e.xtra, each, $30-40; good, $15-20. 
Calves — Receipts were moderate, with the market steady. The following 

were the quotations : Calves, Veals, choice light, per pound, 8-8j4c. ; 

good, per pound, 7%-yy^c. Calves from nearby points by rail were 

quoted at 834c. 
N. B. — Calves over 6 or 7 weeks old should not be shipped to be sold for 

Veals; if older, they can be sold only for grassers at 2-3C. per pound 

less than Veal Calves. 
Sheep and Lambs — The market was steady, as follows : Sheep, No. i, fat, 

per head, $2.40-3; per pound, 3c.; No. 2, sheared, per pound, 2-2^2C. ; 

old Bucks, per pound, 2-3C. ; common, per head, $1-1.50; spring Lambs, 

as to quality, per pound, SsYzC. 
Live Pigs — The quotations, per head, as to size, were $1-1.50; Shoats, $2-3. 
Dressed Hogs — Quotations were : Lightweight, per pound, y-yViC. ; 

mediumweight, per pound, 6j4c. ; heavyweight, per pound, 5c. 

Hides and Beeswax. 

Hides — Green salted, per pound, well cured, Q^-Sc. ; slightly salted, per 
pound, 8-}4c. ; green salted, damaged, per pound, 8^c. ; Southern, per 
pound, 8y2-8^c. ; per pound, 8>:;c. ; damaged, 7I/4C.; dry, flint, i3'/2- 
14c.; damaged, ii-iiy^c. ; dry, salted, per pound, ii-i2c. ; damaged, 
per pound, 10-iiJ/c. ; dry calf, per pound, lO-iic. ; dry glue hides, per 
pound, 6K'-7c. ; Bull Hides, green, per pound, 7c. ; green salted, per 
pound, 8c. ; Sheep skins, green salted, (X)-75c. ; Lamb skins, 35-50C. ; 
Goat skins, each, 15-25C. ; Calf skins, green salted, 6oc.-$i.io; Fish 
Sounds, per pound, bright, split, 30c. ; per pound, unsplit, 20-25C. ; per 
pound, dark and greasy, 12-15C. ; Tallow, per pound, cake, 5-5^/20.; Tal- 
low, per pound, solic, S-sHc- ; Beeswax, per pound, pure, 28-28>4c. 

Roots and Herbs. 

Roots and Herbs — Ginseng, per pound, wild, root, dry, $6.00; Golden Seal, 
$1.50; Hoarhound Leaves, 3-4C. ; Indian Turnip, sliced, 7-8c. ; James- 
town Leaves, 6-6J4C. ; Lady Slipper, Southern, 15-160.; Liverwort 
Leaves, y-yl^c. ; Lobelia Herb, 4-4K'C. : Lobelia Seed, clean, 12c. ; May 
Apple Root, solid, 4i4-4K'C. ; spring dug, 3J/2-4C. ; Pink Root, medium, 
22-25C. ; Pepsissewa Leaf, 3-3^^0. 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 55 

Wool. 

Wool— Unwashed, extra choice and light, 17-22C. ; fair to good, 20-21C. : 
coarse and heavy, Penna., 19-2OC. ; Southern, dark color, Merino, Black, 
per pound, 16-17C. ; Tub washed, good the choice, 25-26C. ; ordinary to 
fair, 22-23C. 

Diverse Articles. 

Diverse Articles— Lettuce, per basket, 85c. ; Cauliflowers, per barrel, extra 
fancy, Md., $2.50; per bushel basket, $1.25; Cabbage, New York 
Danish, orange barrel, $2.00; New York, truck barrel, $1.75; New 
York Domestic, truck barrel, $1.60; New York Domestic, per ton, 
$23-24; Danish, per ton, $27-28; (sacks extra.) Kale, per barrel, $1; 
Spinach, barrel, $1.25; Onions, native, per sack, 2^ bushels, $1.75; 
Spanish, per large crate, $3.50; per box, $1.25; Silver Skin, per bushel 
crate, $1.65; Spring, per bunch, i^c. ; per 50 bunch, 114c.; Carrots, 
per bunch, ic. ; Oyster Plant, per bunch, 5c.; per 50 bunch, 4^c. ; 
Celery, New York, crate lots (9 to 10 bunches), .per crate, $3; New 
York, less quantities, per bunch, 40c.; loose, unwashed, per crate, 
$2.50; Cranberries, Cape Cod, per crate, 25 quarts, $2.35; Cape Cod, 
per crate, 20 quarts, $2.15; Cape Cod, per barrel, $9-9-50 ; Cocoanuts, 
per sack (100), $3.50; per bushel (150), $3; Chestnuts, per bushel 
(60-pound) Native, $3-5o; Italian, per pound, 6c. 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRES: 

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